James Francis "Frank" Hurley (1885–1962) was a pioneering Australian filmmaker, director, and cinematographer. He is globally celebrated as a foundational figure in early documentary and expedition cinema. Hurley served as the official photographer on Sir Ernest Shackleton's Imperial Trans-Antarctic Expedition (1914–1917). His rescue footage of the ship Endurance became the basis for the landmark film "South" (1919), one of the world's first feature-length documentaries. He also captured vital cinematic records during both World War I and World War II as an official military cinematographer. A pioneer of early travelogues, Hurley directed the acclaimed ethnographic film "Pearls and Savages" (1921). He later transitioned into commercial cinema, serving as a cinematographer on major Australian feature films, including the wartime epic "40,000 Horsemen" (1940).